Blepharitis

1 medicine

Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins that causes redness, crusting and irritation. It is controlled with daily lid hygiene and, when needed, topical antibiotics or steroids.

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Key facts

  • Blepharitis is chronic inflammation of the eyelid margins. It is usually persistent rather than a one-off episode, and both eyes are typically affected.
  • Two patterns exist: anterior blepharitis (bacteria and blockage at the lash roots) and posterior blepharitis (deeper oil-gland dysfunction). Many people have a mix of both.
  • Daily lid hygiene, warm compresses followed by gentle cleaning of the lid margins, is the main treatment. Topical tobramycin (an antibiotic) or dexamethasone (a corticosteroid) can be added when inflammation or infection is significant, and blepharitis falls under general eye care.
  • See an eye doctor for persistent or worsening symptoms, marked redness, or any change in vision.

What happens at the lid margin

The edge of each eyelid holds oil glands and the roots of the eyelashes. In blepharitis these glands become blocked or colonised by bacteria, producing greasy scales, crusting and a gritty or burning feeling. Waking with lids stuck together or rims that look red is a common early sign. During more inflamed episodes the lids can swell, and small sores sometimes form along the lash line.

Managing a chronic condition

Lid hygiene is the cornerstone of control. Holding a warm compress against closed lids for a few minutes softens blocked secretions; follow this with gentle cleaning of the lid margins using a dilute baby shampoo solution or purpose-made lid wipes. Doing this daily, morning or evening, reduces build-up over the following weeks and keeps flares shorter and milder.

When inflammation or a secondary infection is marked, a doctor may prescribe topical tobramycin to control bacteria or dexamethasone to calm inflammation. These are typically short courses rather than long-term treatments, since prolonged steroid use around the eye carries its own risks.

When to see a doctor

Book an eye examination if symptoms persist despite regular lid hygiene, if redness is marked, or if you notice any change in vision. Sudden pain, light sensitivity or blurred vision need prompt assessment to rule out a deeper eye problem.

This page is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist who knows your health history.