Dental Abscess
1 medicine
A dental abscess is a bacterial infection that forms a pocket of pus in or around a tooth, usually needing drainage and sometimes antibiotics to stop it spreading.
Key facts
- A dental abscess is a localised bacterial infection that forms a pocket of pus, either at the root tip of a tooth or in the gum beside it.
- Left untreated, it can spread to the jaw, neck, or beyond.
- Dental treatment and drainage are the primary fix; antibiotics such as clindamycin are added when the infection is spreading or the immune system needs support.
- Swelling near the eye, neck, or floor of the mouth, trouble swallowing or breathing, or a high fever are signs to seek urgent care.
What it is
A dental abscess is a localised bacterial infection that forms a pocket of pus, either at the tip of a tooth root (a periapical abscess) or in the gum tissue beside a tooth (a periodontal abscess). It usually starts from untreated tooth decay, a cracked tooth, or gum disease that lets bacteria reach the pulp or deeper tissue. Pain is often severe and can radiate to the ear or jaw, and the affected tooth may be sensitive to hot, cold, or pressure.
Why acting quickly matters
Left untreated, the infection can spread to the jaw, neck, or beyond, and in rare cases develops into a serious systemic infection. A dental abscess rarely resolves on its own, so it is worth seeking care as soon as symptoms appear rather than waiting for the pain to pass.
Treatment
Dental treatment, drainage of the abscess and addressing the underlying tooth problem, is the primary fix. Antibiotics are added when the infection shows signs of spreading or the immune system needs extra support. Clindamycin is commonly used, especially where penicillin-type options are not suitable, since it reaches bone and dental tissue well.
When to see a doctor
Swelling that extends to the eye, neck, or floor of the mouth, difficulty swallowing or breathing, or a fever above 39C are signs the infection may be spreading. Seek urgent dental or emergency care in that case rather than waiting for a routine appointment.
This page is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist who knows your health history.