Haemorrhage

Key facts

• Haemorrhage means significant or uncontrolled bleeding from blood vessels, whether visible on the surface or occurring silently inside the body.
• Minor bleeds usually stop on their own; persistent or heavy bleeding needs medical attention.
• Tranexamic acid is a widely used antifibrinolytic that works by blocking the breakdown of blood clots; it is commonly used for heavy menstrual bleeding, post-surgical bleeding and trauma.
• Rapid bleeding that won't stop, blood in vomit or stool, or sudden severe internal pain with dizziness need emergency care.

Stopping the bleed: how haemorrhage is managed

Controlling active bleeding depends on its source and severity. For many types of haemorrhage, antifibrinolytic agents are the first line of defence. Tranexamic acid works by blocking the breakdown of blood clots and is widely used for heavy menstrual bleeding, post-surgical bleeds and trauma across hospitals worldwide.

Heavy menstrual bleeding is one of the most common reasons women seek haemorrhage treatment. If this is the underlying cause, the women's health section covers related conditions and medicines.

When to seek urgent care

Some presentations need immediate emergency attention. Go to the nearest hospital without delay if bleeding is rapid and will not stop, there is coughing or vomiting of blood, urine or stool appears dark red or black, or there is sudden severe internal pain alongside dizziness or collapse. These signs can indicate serious internal haemorrhage.

Because haemorrhage covers everything from a heavy period to internal bleeding after an injury, the right response depends entirely on the source: a doctor or pharmacist can help you work out whether a bleed needs a same-day appointment, an emergency room, or simple monitoring at home. Never assume a bleed is minor just because it has stopped once before, especially if it keeps recurring.

This page is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist who knows your health history.