Doxylamine
1 medicine
Doxylamine is a sedating antihistamine used for short-term insomnia and allergy symptoms, and combined with vitamin B6 for nausea in pregnancy; avoid alcohol and other sedatives, since overdose is a well-documented cause of serious poisoning in young children.
Key facts
- Doxylamine is a first-generation (sedating) antihistamine. It blocks histamine and also has anticholinergic effects, which is why it makes you drowsy.
- It is sold alone as a short-term sleep aid and combined with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (sold as Diclegis or Diclectin).
- It causes marked sedation: never combine it with alcohol, opioids, or other sedating medicines, and take care with driving.
- Overdose, especially in young children, can cause seizures, hallucinations, and a dangerously fast heartbeat; seek emergency care immediately for any suspected overdose.
What doxylamine treats
Doxylamine treats short-term, occasional insomnia in adults, difficulty falling asleep for a night or two. Combined with pyridoxine, it treats nausea and vomiting of pregnancy when non-drug measures are not enough. Older combination cold and allergy products use it to dry up a runny nose and stop sneezing, though it does not treat a cold itself and does not clear congestion.
How doxylamine works
Histamine is a chemical the brain uses, among other things, to help keep you awake and alert. Doxylamine blocks histamine (H1) receptors, producing drowsiness and reducing sneezing and a runny nose. It also blocks acetylcholine, another signalling chemical, which is why it dries up secretions and can cause a dry mouth or blurred vision.
Before you take it
- Avoid it if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, or severe asthma, since the anticholinergic effect can worsen these conditions.
- Older adults are more sensitive to confusion, falls, and urinary retention from doxylamine, and should generally use lower doses or avoid it.
- Tell your prescriber about other sedating medicines, including opioids, benzodiazepines, and other antihistamines, since the effects add up.
- Keep it well out of the reach of children. Doxylamine-containing cough and cold products are a leading cause of accidental antihistamine poisoning in young children.
Side effects
Common effects include next-day grogginess, dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, and constipation.
Seek urgent medical care for:
- Confusion, agitation, or hallucinations.
- A racing or irregular heartbeat.
- Difficulty breathing or swelling of the face, lips, or tongue.
- Seizures.
Safety essentials
- Overdose is dangerous and can be fatal in young children: doses several times the adult dose can cause seizures, arrhythmias, and coma. Store it well out of children's reach and never give adult sleep aids to a child.
- Do not combine it with alcohol or other sedatives; the combined drowsiness increases the risk of falls and breathing problems.
- If you are pregnant and using it for nausea, take only the dose your prescriber recommends. It is meant to be combined with pyridoxine and taken as directed, not used as a general sleep aid.
This page is educational and does not replace advice from a doctor or pharmacist who knows your health history.